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Evolution Site – Teaching About Evolution Despite the best efforts of biology educators, misinformation about evolution remain. People who have been exposed to the nonsense of pop science often believe that biologists are saying they do not believe in evolution. This rich Web site – companion to the PBS series offers teachers with resources that support evolution education and help avoid the kinds of myths that hinder it. It's arranged in a nested “bread crumb” format to facilitate navigation and orientation. Definitions Evolution is a complex and challenging subject to teach well. It is often misunderstood by non-scientists and even scientists use definitions that confuse the issue. This is especially true when it comes to debates about the definition of the word itself. It is therefore crucial to define the terms that are used in evolutionary biology. The website for the PBS show, Understanding Evolution, does this in a simple and efficient way. The website is a companion to the series that first aired in 2001, but can also function as an independent resource. The material is presented in a structured manner that makes it simpler to navigate and understand. The site defines terms such as common ancestor and the gradual process. These terms help to define the nature and relationship of evolution to other concepts in science. The site provides an overview of the manner in which evolution has been tested. This information can be used to dispel myths that have been propagated by creationists. You can also access a glossary that includes terms used in evolutionary biology. These terms include: Adaptation is the tendency of heritable traits to be more suitable to their environment. This is due to natural selection, which happens when organisms that are more adaptable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less adapted traits. Common ancestor (also called common ancestor) is the most recent ancestral ancestor shared by two or more species. By analyzing DNA from these species, it is possible to determine the common ancestor. Deoxyribonucleic acid: A massive biological molecule that contains the information necessary for cell replication. The information is contained in nucleotides arranged in sequences that are strung together to form long chains, referred to as chromosomes. Mutations are the basis for new genetic information within cells. Coevolution: A relationship between two species in which evolutionary changes in one species are dependent on evolutionary changes in the other. Examples of coevolution include the interactions between predator and prey or host and parasite. 에볼루션 블랙잭 (groups which can interbreed), evolve by a series of natural variations in the traits of their offspring. The causes of these changes are many factors, such as natural selection, gene drift and mixing of the gene pool. The development of a new species can take thousands of years and the process could be slowed down or speeded up due to environmental conditions, such as climate change or the competition for food or habitat. The Evolution site traces the emergence of various groups of animals and plants over time, focusing on the major shifts that occurred throughout the evolution of each group's history. It also explores human evolution, which is a topic of particular importance for students. Darwin's Origin was written in 1859, at a time when only a few antediluvian fossils of human beings had been discovered. One of them was the infamous skullcap and associated bones found in 1856 at the Little Feldhofer Grotto in Germany, which is now known as an early Homo neanderthalensis. While the skullcap wasn't published until 1858, one year before the first edition of the Origin appeared, it is extremely unlikely that Darwin had seen or heard of it. The site is primarily one of biology however it also includes a lot of information on geology and paleontology. The most impressive features of the website are a timeline of events that show how climatic and geological conditions have changed over time as well as a map of the distribution of some fossil groups that are featured on the site. Although the site is a companion piece to a PBS television show however, it can stand on its own as a valuable resource for teachers and students. The site is well-organized and provides clear links to the introductory information of Understanding Evolution (developed under the National Science Foundation's support) and the more specific features of the museum's website. These hyperlinks facilitate the move from the cartoon-like style of the Understanding Evolution pages to the more sophisticated world of research science. Particularly there are hyperlinks to John Endler's experiments using Guppies that demonstrate the importance of ecology in evolutionary theory. Diversity The evolution of life has resulted in an array of plants, animals and insects. Paleobiology is the study of these creatures in their geological context, has many advantages over modern observational or experimental methods for exploring evolutionary processes. Paleobiology focuses on not only the process and events that take place regularly or over time but also the distribution and frequency of various animal groups across the geological time. The site is divided into different options to learn about evolution. One of these paths, “Evolution 101,” walks the reader through the nature and evidence of evolution. The course also focuses on the most common misconceptions about evolution, as well as the evolution theory's history. Each of the other major sections of the Evolution site is equally well created, with resources that can support a variety of different pedagogical levels and curriculum levels. The site includes a variety of interactive and multimedia content which include video clips, animations and virtual labs in addition to general textual content. The content is presented in a nested bread crumb style that facilitates navigation and orientation within the large web site. The page “Coral Reef Connections”, for example, provides an overview of coral relationships and their interactions with other organisms, and then is enlarged to show a single clam, which is able communicate with its neighbours and respond to changes in conditions of the water at the reef level. This page, as well as the other multidisciplinary, multimedia, and interactive pages on the website, provide an excellent introduction to a broad spectrum of topics in evolutionary biology. The content also includes an overview of the significance of natural selectivity and the concept phylogenetics analysis which is a crucial tool for understanding evolutionary change. Evolutionary Theory Evolution is an underlying thread that connects all branches of biology. A vast collection of books helps in teaching evolution across all disciplines of life sciences. One resource, which is the companion to PBS's television show Understanding Evolution is an excellent example of a Web site that provides depth as well as breadth in terms of its educational resources. The site offers a variety of interactive learning modules. It also has an “bread crumb structure” that helps students move away from the cartoon style of Understanding Evolution and onto elements on this site that are more closely connected to the realms of research science. For instance, an animation introducing the idea of genetic inheritance connects to a page highlighting John Endler's experiments with artificial selection with guppies from the native ponds of Trinidad. Another useful resource is the Evolution Library on this site, which contains an extensive library of multimedia resources related to evolution. The content is organized into courses that are based on curriculum and follow the learning objectives set out in the standards for biology. It includes seven short videos designed specifically for classroom use, which can be streamed for no cost or purchased on DVD. A variety of crucial questions remain at the heart of evolutionary biology, including what triggers evolution and how fast it happens. This is especially true for the evolution of humans where it was a challenge to reconcile religious beliefs that held that humans have a distinct position in the universe and a soul, with the idea that innate physical traits were derived from the apes. There are also a number of other ways evolution can occur, with natural selection as the most well-known theory. However, scientists also study other kinds of evolution, such as genetic drift, mutation, and sexual selection, among others. While many scientific fields of study have a conflict with literal interpretations found in religious texts, evolution biology has been the subject of intense debate and resistance from religious fundamentalists. Certain religions have reconciled their beliefs with evolutionary biology, while others haven't.